Snippets Archives - Page 3 of 3

Run sudo -H nautilus in terminal
Find /etc/apt/sources.list
Right click and open the file with a text editor (if you click on it, it will open the software sources GUI)
Simply copy and paste into the sources.list and save.
Exit terminal and you’re done.

Remove all files from a directory?

Snippets

To remove the folder with all its contents(including all interior folders):

rm -rf /path/to/directory

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rm -rf /path/to/directory
To remove all the contents of the folder(including all interior folders) but not the folder itself:

rm -rf /path/to/directory/*

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rm -rf /path/to/directory/*
To remove all the “files” from inside a folder(not removing interior folders):

rm -f /path/to/directory/*

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rm -f /path/to/directory/*

Where:

rm – stands for “remove“
-f – stands for “force” which is helpful when you don’t want

Zip/unzip all files in a directory

Snippets

1 2	cd /path/to/your/folder/www zip -r filename.zip *

1	unzip folder_name.zip

Unix zip directory but excluded specific subdirectories (and everything within them)

1	zip -r myarchive.zip dir1 -x dir1/ignoreDir1\* dir1\ignorDir2\*

or

1	zip -r myarchive.zip * -x ignoreDir1\* ignorDir2\*

How to make Apache run as current user

Snippets

1	sudo adduser {username} www-data

or

Edit the following file as root: /etc/apache2/envvars

using the command:

1	sudo nano /etc/apache2/envvars

change the user and group to yourself if there is only one user and you will never have permissions problems again.

I.E., if you are only logging in and running the server as user ‘big_dog’:

1 2	export APACHE_RUN_USER=big_dog export APACHE_RUN_GROUP=big_dog

Heck, for that matter

How To Set Up mod_rewrite for Apache on Ubuntu 18.04

Snippets

Prerequisites:-

Make user Apache 2 installed on your server – How To Install Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP (LAMP) stack on Ubuntu 18.04.

Step 1 — Installing Apache

1 2	sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install apache2

Step 2 — Enabling mod_rewrite

1 2	sudo a2enmod rewrite sudo service apache2 restart

Step 3 — Setting Up .htaccess

In this section, we will setup a .htaccess file for simpler rewrite rule management. A .htaccess

Permissions

Snippets

The /var/www folder needs to be readable by the www-data system account. Try this :

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sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www

sudo chown -R krishna:www-data /var/www

sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www

(1) Allow Apache access to the folders and the files.

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sudo chgrp -R www-data /var/www/html

sudo find /var/www/html -type d -exec chmod g+rx {} +

sudo find /var/www/html -type f -exec chmod g+r {} +

This recursively sets the ‘group’ to be www-data for the folders and files. This then gives the web server permission to recurse and get access

List all folder with permission details

Snippets

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ls -la

INSTALL Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP (LAMP) stack on Ubuntu 18.04

Snippets

1 2	sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install apache2

sudo apache2ctl configtest
sudo ufw app list
sudo nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Inside, at the bottom of the file, add a ServerName directive, pointing to your primary domain name. If you do not have a domain name associated with your server, you can use your server’s public IP address:

1	ServerName server_domain_or_IP

Example:-

Correct file permissions for WordPress

Snippets

For Development

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chown www-data:www-data -R * # Let Apache be owner

find . -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \; # Change directory permissions rwxr-xr-x

find . -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \; # Change file permissions rw-r--r--

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data www/html/folder/

In production, I wouldn’t give access to users to modify the filesystem, I’ll only allow them to upload resources and give access to some plugins specific folders to do backups, etc. But managing projects under Git and using deploy keys on the server, it isn’t good update

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